audi Luganga Musisi can hardly remember when his family last had breakfast. “We care more about lunch and supper,” says the father of six. “Having breakfast means we won’t have enough money for lunch and supper.”
Musisi, 52, lives in Kibbe zone, a sprawling slum in the Kalerwe suburb in Uganda’s capital, Kampala. His home, which he rents for 60,000 shillings (£12.50) a month, squats beside pools of stagnant rainwater – a world away from the well-watered, emerald-green lawns of the upmarket suburb of Kololo, just across town. Stones hold down the corrugated roof, and the walls are cracked. A sack of sand sits in the doorway to keep any running water out.
Like tens of thousands of others in Kampala, Musisi, a casual worker, has not benefited from Uganda’s steady economic growth, which has averaged above 6% since 2002 (pdf). He has no piped water, or sanitation. His family share a pit latrine with five other households.
Across Uganda, at least 13.8 million people (pdf) use unsanitary or shared latrines. More than 3.2 million people have no toilet at all. Open defecation contaminates drinking water sources and can spread cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery and typhoid. Those living in rural areas are most at risk – eight out of 10 people in villages live without improved drinking water sources.
For Musisi, poor sanitation has a real, and costly, impact on his life. Every month, he spends 80,000 shillings on medicines, which sometimes pushes him into debt – his average monthly income is 120,000 shillings.
“Every month, we have a [family] member who has malaria or another infection. That’s what disturbs us here.”
Nearly 23% of households spend more than 10% of their total household income on healthcare. About 4.3% of Ugandans are impoverished annually due to out-of-pocket health payments.
Parliament is due to debate a bill to pave the way for legislation to introduce national social health insurance, as a first step towards universal healthcare. The bill has been around since 2007 but has been held up by disagreements between government and employers on how to fund it. Fewer than 1% of Ugandans (pdf) have insurance cover.
Achieving universal healthcare is a specific target in the sustainable development goals, a blueprint for development for the next 15 years that was adopted by UN member states in September. However, for millions of people like Musisi, economic and social inequalities are fundamental threats to health that must be tackled as well.
Sir Michael Marmot, director of the Institute of Health Equity at University College London and winner of the Prince Mahidol award in public health last year, researches social and economic disadvantages and how they create health inequalities between and within countries.
He says: “Inequality brings with it other social evils like ill health and crime. It damages health. Absolute inequality means disempowerment of a severe kind and not being able to afford food and shelter. Our response to this inequality in health is working towards universal health coverage.
“Why treat people and send them back to the same conditions that made them sick? We need action on the social determinants of ill health.”
Last September, 267 leading economists signed a declaration calling for universal healthcare as an essential pillar of development.
For Marmot, this is just one part of the puzzle. Conditions for good health must also exist at home. “Increasingly, the lower you are in the social hierarchy, the [more the] health of the poor suffers,” he says.
His words find a ready echo among some health professionals in Uganda.
“Addressing conditions at home is the way to go,” says Dr Julius Bamwine, health officer for the western district of Ibanda. “We still need [working] health facilities. But a sizeable public budget should go into prevention. People must know that drinking contaminated water makes them sick.”
Robinah Kaitiritimba, director of the Uganda National Health Consumers’ Organisation, says primary healthcare should be the main focus.
“Even when we don’t have a lot of money, we can use information [and] education to tell people how to avoid some diseases. Prevention is the best and cheapest,” she says. “At least 70% of hospital admissions in Uganda are related to malaria but if people slept under treated mosquito nets, these would be drastically cut.”
Others argue that a functioning, affordable health system is just as crucial as improving conditions at home.
For Musisi, improving living conditions is a critical first step. “If government can help us and build for us better houses, it would be the start of a new life for me. You can see the life we live here.” Thanks for reading.
When will the UN be held to account for failing to protect civilians?
This month, the UN office of the high commissioner for human rights revealed the massive scale of abuse against civilians in South Sudan last year. Its report is unflinching in describing rape, killing and torture – all part of what it calls a “scorched earth policy” against civilians by government forces. Quite rightly, it suggests mechanisms that should be instigated to hold perpetrators of these crimes to account. However, the report fails to raise questions about the UN’s own accountability in situations such as these.
The UN mission in South Sudan (Unmiss) is made up of 12,500 peacekeepers under a Chapter VII mandate to protect civilians. As part of this mandate, Unmiss peacekeepers are supposed to “address violence against women and girls as a tool of warfare”, among other requirements to protect civilians under threat of physical violence.
While the UN provides shelter to about 200,000 people in their protection of civilians (POC) sites, the recent report is surely testament to the failure, at least in part, of this mandate, cataloguing horrific abuses against thousands of civilians.
This report comes as Unmiss is already investigating fighting and deaths that took place in their Malakal POC base in February, and follows claims by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) of a “complete and utter protection failure” in Unity state.
In both incidents, Unmiss is accused of failing to react to what is described as systematic targeting of civilians. In a letter to the Guardian rebutting the MSF allegations, the UN special representative and head of Unmiss, Ellen Margrethe Løj, explained the trying circumstances and undoubted challenges that the UN – and all humanitarian operators – face in South Sudan.
However, that is the job and that is the purpose of peacekeeping operations, so at what point is a mission aimed at protecting civilians classified as a failure?
The key missing element here is the lack of a culture of accountability. The UN is grappling with its internal mechanisms for holding peacekeepers accused of sexual abuse to account. Last week, a UN security council resolution committed its members to do just that.
In Central African Republic (CAR), allegations of sexual abuse by French and UN troops continue to be made, with the UN high commissioner on human rights, Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, blaming a culture of impunity for the proliferation of cases.
Indeed in CAR it was the whistleblower, Anders Kompass, who faced an investigation (and subsequent exoneration) while no one has been arrested in connection with the abuse allegations themselves.
Allegations such as these are not new, and similar claims have been made of various peacekeeping missions over the past 20 years. Therefore whether the new resolution goes beyond platitudes to taking demonstrable action against individuals who commit sexual abuses − as well as against member states that fail to prosecute their peacekeeping troops − will be a further indication of the UN’s ability to hold itself to account credibly.
As an unelected yet influential body, the UN has always been in danger of lacking legitimacy with those it is meant to serve. Member states must drive processes of accountability, yet they will also be the ones who are found to be culpable in some cases. Therein lies the problem.
It should be a priority for the UN and its member states to develop and instigate robust accountability measures, which can serve both to vindicate and challenge their actions and programmes as required. Rather than appearing to evade accountability in a smokescreen of bureaucracy and fragmented responsibility, the UN needs to find a way to address either failures by its own senior personnel to do their job effectively or − a more likely but concerning reality − serious systematic failures within the UN’s approach to peacekeeping.
If peacekeeping operations and the budget continue to grow, as they did last year, then the need for more exacting accountability mechanisms becomes ever more acute.
Peacekeepers have an important role to play and this month’s report on South Sudan serves as a sad reminder of the importance of ensuring that these operations fulfil their Chapter VII mandates.
Government forces and warring factions who have committed these terrible crimes must be held to account, but there is also a need to examine the prevailing conditions under which the crimes were allowed to happen.
Without accountability the UN will lose legitimacy, peacekeeping operations will not learn from previous failures and the vicious cycle that impunity facilitates will continue. Thanks for reading.
Wind power: senators want moratorium on turbines until health studies conclude
Two members of a Senate inquiry into the health effects of wind farms – including a Coalition backbencher – have called for a moratorium on building new turbines until two separate medical studies conclude.
On Tuesday, the National Health and Medical Research Council announced that it would allocate $3.3m for two university studies on whether noise emitted from wind turbines, known as infrasound, affected health, sleep and mood.
The independent senator John Madigan on Wednesday called for all projects to be put on hold as a “precaution”.
“We have a new industry operating infrastructure that some people say is making them sick,” he said. “There is insufficient research of the type needed to determine the validity of these claims.”
A Coalition senator, Chris Back, was part of a Senate inquiry into the effects of wind turbines. He supported Madigan’s call for a moratorium.
“This research is very important as the only scientific pilot study conducted in Australia measuring the effects of vibration, low-frequency noise and infrasound has indicated that there are health problems that requires further investigation,” he said.
“This important research will provide the affected communities with information regarding health and safety of living nearby to industrial size wind turbines. It is well known that industrial noise effects health.”
Putting money into investigating possible health effects of infrasound was consistent with previous National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations, said the environment minister, Greg Hunt.
“Their preliminary finding was they had no evidence of health effects but they also recommended there should be further study and investigations,” Hunt said. “So we are following the advice of the National Health and Medical Research Council.”
The issue was “of concern to a lot of people”, Malcolm Turnbull said.
“A reasonable exercise for the government is to ... investigate the matter,” the prime minister told reporters.
When asked if he was putting money to a syndrome that had already been disproved, Turnbull answered: “If the conclusion is as you suspect it will be, that will serve to allay lot of anxiety and that’s a very important thing to do.”
A Senate inquiry into turbines handed down its report in August. It recommended national standards on the amount of noise emitted be put into place and that the government put a five-year cap on renewable energy certificates.
Labor said the recommendations were “reckless, ridiculous and irresponsible”.
Turnbull and Hunt on Wednesday announced the formation of a $1bn clean energy fund aimed at creating innovative renewables and then commercialising the new technology.
John Cleese may sue Australian theatre company over Faulty Towers rip-off
John Cleese is considering pursuing legal action against an Australian theatre company’s “brazen, utterly shameless” rip-off of his television series Fawlty Towers, from which it has been profiting for decades.
The Australian company Interactive Theatre International has staged its Faulty Towers the Dining Experience in London, most cities in Australia and other destinations around the world since 1997.
Upcoming dates include Dubai, Singapore and Melbourne from 12-17 April for the city’s international comedy festival, with performances fetching for close to $100 a head for the three-course meal and two-hour interactive show.
Tickets for its residency at the Amba Hotel Charing Cross in London range from £47 (A$87) to £64 (A$119).
According to Cleese, Interactive Theatre International and its associated entities has not sought permission from him or his Fawlty Towers cowriter Connie Booth to use the characters, situations and names associated with the show.
Though he has known of the stage show’s existence for a year, he said on Twitter on Wednesday he had “no idea” of its “astonishing financial success”.
“Seems they thought that by not asking, and by changing the ‘w’ to a u’, they’d be in the clear! Hilarious,” he tweeted.
In response to another user’s comment that the company’s behaviour was “fucking shocking”, Cleese said: “That’s the phrasing I’m hoping to use in Court”.
Cleese quoted another Twitter user’s defence of the “excellent” theatre show, adding “I never heard anything was wrong with the show.
“After all, they start with a lot of advantages: the basic concept ... 40 years of unpaid publicity, the characters’ personalities, the characters’ names, the characters’ stress, the characters’ dialogue ... twelve funny episodes to which they make reference, plus all the catch-phrases, without the need to pay Connie Booth and me a single cent.”
A representative for Interactive Theatre International refused to comment to Guardian Australia but said its UK public relations company would send through a statement.
The stories you need to read, in one handy email
Read more
Cleese told Fairfax from New Zealand on Wednesday that Interactive Theatre International has been operating for 20 years “without paying us a penny, they could well owe us a very significant amount”.
“They didn’t ask our permission and we didn’t know it was happening on this scale. If little groups are making some money that’s not a problem, but this is entirely different.”
Faulty Towers the Dining Experience bills itself as an “internationally acclaimed ... loving tribute to the BBC’s best-loved sitcom”.
The “loving tribute” line is reiterated in a disclaimer, which clarifies Cleese and Booth’s roles as the writers of the series and adds: “Their original TV scripts are not used in Faulty Towers the Dining Experience.”
Advertisement
Nine teams of cast work from England and Australia and tour around 20 countries a year; the show’s six-nights-a-week residency at the Amba Hotel Charing Cross is also in its fourth year in London’s West End.
In a statement to Fairfax Media, Alison Pollard-Mansergh, founder and artistic director of Interactive Theatre International, rejected Cleese’s comments as “misleading and inaccurate”.
The stage version of Cleese’s show, Fawlty Towers Live, will make its world premiere in Sydney in August.
Cleese told Fairfax he was considering pursuing legal action against Interactive Theatre International’s iteration before its debut.
“Now that Fawlty Towers is about to happen as a proper stage show and producers are investing money in what is a risky enterprise, we certainly don’t want other shows out there confusing people,” he said.
“These people are completely brazen, utterly shameless. The awful thing about our society is that shameless people get away with things – look at [Donald] Trump.
“They take our concepts, they take our characters, they take our characters’ names and then they change the ‘w’ to a ‘u’ and say it’s got nothing to do with our show.”
He remarked on the irony of Interactive Theatre International’s “aggressive” attempts to protect the copyright of its stage show: “It’s absolutely wonderful!”. Thanks for reading.
Hiroshima survivor urges Obama to visit site of world's first atomic bombing
Barack Obama should visit Hiroshima when Japan hosts the G7 leaders’ summit in May to see for himself the human misery inflicted by nuclear weapons, according to a survivor of the atomic bombing of the city 70 years ago.
“I hope Obama and other G7 leaders come here and change their minds about possessing nuclear weapons,” said Keiko Ogura, who was an eight-year-old schoolgirl when the bomb flattened her hometown on the morning of 6 August 1945, killing 140,000 people.
Obama, who this week made a historic visit to Cuba, spoke of his desire for a nuclear-free world during a speech in Prague in 2009, but has not been to Hiroshima on any of his three visits to Japan as president.
Speculation that he will pay tribute to victims and survivors of the bombing, months before his time in office ends, rose on Wednesday after reports that the White House was looking into the possibility of arranging a visit, which would be the first by a sitting US president.
Japanese media quoted Rose Gottemoeller, the US undersecretary for arms control, as telling reporters in Washington that the White House was “considering” an Obama trip to the city. The final decision on the timing and nature of any visit would be the president’s, Kyodo News quoted Gottemoeller as saying.
Ogura, now 78, survived because her father, convinced something bad would happen, told her to skip school on the day of the attack. Their home was just outside the 2km radius from ground zero where most of the casualties and damage occurred.
“President Obama should come here and see for himself,” she said. “He and other leaders would realise that nuclear weapons are not about making allies and enemies, but about joining hands and fighting this evil together.
“We don’t want to tell world leaders what to think, or make them apologise. They should just view it as an opportunity to lead the world in the right direction, because only they have the power to do that.”
G7 leaders will meet in Ise-Shima in central Japan in late May; early next month, the US secretary of state, John Kerry, will be among the foreign ministers meeting in Hiroshima.
The mayor of Hiroshima, Kazumi Matsui, and Tomihisa Taue, his counterpart in Nagasaki, visited the US ambassador to Japan, Caroline Kennedy, in early 2014 to request Obama’s presence at a ceremony to mark the anniversary of the attack later that year, but did not insist that he issue an apology.
“That made me so angry,” said Yuki Tanaka, a retired professor at Hiroshima City University and an authority on the city’s history.
“If the mayors are sincere about demanding that the US abolish nuclear weapons, they also have to make the US recognise that Hiroshima was a crime against humanity and demand an apology. You can’t separate one issue from the other.”
Obama said during a visit to Japan in late 2009 that he would be “honoured” to go to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where 80,000 people died after it was bombed on 9 August 1945. “I certainly would be honoured – it would be meaningful for me to visit those two cities in the future,” Obama said.
But a secret US cable released by WikiLeaks revealed that before Obama’s visit to the country, Japan had discouraged the White House from arranging for him to go to Hiroshima, acknowledging that a presidential apology for the attack was a “non-starter”.
The cable, dated 3 September 2009 and sent to the then secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, quoted Japan’s then vice-foreign minister, Mitoji Yabunaka, as saying that both countries “should temper the public’s expectations” for a stop in Hiroshima.
“While a simple visit to Hiroshima without fanfare is sufficiently symbolic to convey the right message, it is premature to include such program in the November visit,” Yabunaka was quoted as saying.
The only western leader to have visited Hiroshima while in office is Kevin Rudd, who laid a wreath at the peace park cenotaph in 2008 when he was still Australian prime minister.
Jimmy Carter visited the atomic bomb memorial in Hiroshima in 1984, after he had left office, but no sitting US president has ever visited the city. The highest-ranking US official to visit the site is Nancy Pelosi, the then House speaker, in 2008. Ambassador Kennedy attended the 70th anniversary commemorations last year.
Tanaka believes the prospects for an Obama visit remain slim given the criticism that even a simple gesture, such as laying a wreath, at the cenotaph would generate at home, particularly in an election year.
“It’s not impossible, but I doubt it,” Tanaka said, “for the simple reason that most Americans believe that the US was right to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, and that it ended the war.
“Part of the problem is that Japan is reluctant to apologise for its own wartime atrocities, which makes it more difficult to demand an apology from someone else.”
Mayor Matsui would not be drawn on the prospects of a visit by Obama or Kerry to the Hiroshima peace park, whose cenotaph contains the names of every person to have died in connection to the bombing.
But he said: “If they prayed before the cenotaph, they would be demonstrating a commitment [to abolishing nuclear weapons], and that would be good for us.
“An Obama visit would certainly carry a lot of weight.” Thanks for reading.
Clinton and Trump win big in Arizona, but Sanders and Cruz keep pressure on
Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both won convincing victories in the Arizona presidential primaries on Tuesday, cementing their status as the frontrunners in Republican and Democratic races that are a long way from being settled.
In a sign both contests are shaping up to be long and drawn-out bids for delegates, Ted Cruz and Bernie Sanders, the main Republican and Democratic challengers, also notched significant victories in western states.
Cruz swept to victory in Utah, winning more than 50% of the votes, a pivotal threshold under Utah’s Republican caucus rules, which ensured the Texas senator secured all of the state’s 40 delegates.
Sanders also registered a resounding victory in Utah and added a second triumph in Idaho, a state where only Democrats were holding a contest on Tuesday.
However, Arizona was the largest delegate prize on Tuesday and was also the most fiercely contested, with Trump, Cruz, Clinton and Sanders all criss-crossing the state in recent days in a last-ditch effort to shore up support.
The strength of the victories by the Republican and Democratic frontrunners in the large, diverse state will add to the growing sense they are nominees-in-waiting, even if they have months of protracted contests ahead of them.
The Grand Canyon State is the largest purely winner-takes-all state left in the Republican calendar, and Trump’s victory in the state ensured he won all 58 delegates. At 11pm local time, with close to half of Arizona votes counted, Trump was on 47%, compared to Cruz’s 23%. Ohio Governor John Kasich was third, with around 10%.
On the Democratic side, Clinton had a similarly large margin of victory, with 60% to Sanders’ 38%.
At her victory speech at a rally in Seattle the former secretary of state immediately positioned herself as the Democratic commander-in-chief in waiting, dwelling only briefly on the election results in order to focus instead on a critique of how her Republican rivals responded to the terrorist attacks in Brussels earlier in the day.
Clinton contrasted what she claimed would be her “strong, smart and above all steady” leadership in the White House with the reaction of Republicans to the tragedy in Europe.
Trump, who recently said the US should reconsider its involvement in the Nato defense alliance, a cornerstone of Washington’s foreign policy, responded to the terrorist atrocity by repeating his call to waterboard terrorism suspects. Cruz, meanwhile, was widely criticized for reacting to the attacks with a call for law enforcement patrols of Muslim neighborhoods.
“In the face of terror, America doesn’t panic, we don’t build walls or turn our backs on our allies,” Clinton said. “We can’t throw out everything that we know about what works and what doesn’t and start torturing people.”
She added: “What Donald Trump, Ted Cruz and others are suggesting is not only wrong, it is dangerous.”
Appearing at a rally in San Diego before the Utah and Idaho results were in, Sanders did not mention his loss in Arizona, instead focusing on his expected wins. “We have now won 10 primaries and caucuses,” a hoarse-sounding Sanders told supporters. “And unless I’m mistaken, we’re going to win a couple more tonight.”
His forecast was correct, and the strength of Sanders’ victories in Utah and Idaho, where early voting returns indicated he could win as much as 70% of the votes, will likely energize his supporters. The senator from Vermont is also projected to perform well in the last three Democratic states to hold contests in March: Alaska, Hawaii and Washington.
However, those wins are unlikely to put a decisive dent in the Democratic frontrunner’s lead delegates. Clinton’s lead in delegates selected through primaries and caucuses is bolstered from the pledged support of party officials that also get a say in the nomination process.
With superdelegates included, Clinton went into Tuesday with 1,630 delegates compared to Sanders’ 870. Sanders contends that superdelegates could still change their minds before the convention and insist the second half of the primary calendar includes states that are better suited to him.
Still, Clinton operatives are privately confident that on the current trajectory the senator from Vermont will face intense pressure to pull out of the race by early summer.
The Republican race appears more complicated still.
While Trump looks on course to end the campaign with the most delegates of any candidate, he may not have the 1,237 required to win the GOP nomination outright. That would force the billionaire to make the case for his presidency in a contested convention where party elites, many of whom who are hostile to his candidacy, could hold sway.
With Trump’s projected delegate count expected to come down to the wire, results such as his loss to Cruz in Utah could, later down the line, prove pivotal.
Utah’s large Mormon population always made it steep challenge for Trump, but the race showed signs that Cruz, a conservative stalwart once loathed by the Republican establishment, is starting to mop-up its support.
The self-styled Tea Party senator is desperate to absorb supporters of candidates who have dropped out such as Marco Rubio, Ben Carson and Jeb Bush. In Utah, he received the unlikely backing of 2012 nominee Mitt Romney.
Cruz’s bid for the mantle of Trump’s challenger-in-chief is complicated by Kasich, the third Republican still in the race and, he argues, the only moderate voice. His continued presence in the race could sap at the Texan senator’s pool of potential anti-Trump voters.
Cruz is also hampered by a view among some in the party that that would be no more electable than Trump in a general election – and possibly less so.
Trump and Cruz were both on the east coast, where most results did not start filtering until late Tuesday night. Neither had scheduled news conferences or rallies to react to the results.
Instead, on a night when world leaders were grappling with the repercussions of the terrorist bombings in Brussels, which killed at least 31 people and injuring up to 230, Trump and Cruz ended up in an unseemly Twitter squabble over their wives.
Trump wrongly accusing Cruz of being behind an ad in Utah that used a nude photograph of his wife Melania from a GQ shoot 15 years ago and added: “Be careful, Lyin’ Ted, or I will spill the beans on your wife!”
Cruz responded: “Pic of your wife not from us. Donald, if you try to attack Heidi, you’re more of a coward than I thought.” Thanks for reading.
OAP Freeze Slams TB Joshua Over Brussels Bombings
Central European country of Belgium was on Tuesday morning rocked by twin explosions at the Brussels Airport and Metro Station, leaving at least 30 people dead, and tens of others wounded. And not long after the sad news claimed headlines across the globe, popular Nigerian cleric at the Synagogue Church of All Nations, T.B. Joshua, claimed he had predicted the tragedy.
The message was shared on the church’s Emmanuel TV on January 31, where he said that it ‘is not yet over’ for a ‘French Country’. “These evil people are in town,” the prophet said, adding, “The people they chased out, there are some that are still there. They want to strike back.”
“They have to sit tight,” TB Joshua continued in the message, saying that the alleged attackers were “looking for every opportunity for assembly – assembly of people, to launch. They will blow a lot of people die.(sic)”
But popular OAP Daddy Freeze is not buying into these endless prophesies.
“Baba, leave story, you didn’t predict jack!” Daddy Freeze said, adding, “Northern French country ko, southern Portuguese country ni! Shior!!!”
“Your so-called prediction killed about 30 while in your own backyard 116 were killed???? Baba, leave this one and go and predict #SureBet make boys hammer!” Daddy Freeze said.
This is not the first time the OAP would be tackling the popular prophet.
Just some days back, Freeze called out Nigeria’s justice system for treating TB Joshua like royalty after a building in his church’s premises collapsed, leading to the death of over 100 people, while Lekki Gardens MD, Richard Nyong was cuffed and remanded in prison following the collapse of one of his structures. Thanks for reading.
